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目的了解2013-2015年宁波市腹泻患者中轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)和诺如病毒(norovirus,NV)的感染情况和流行趋势。方法 2013-2015年(以5~10月为主)采集宁波市10家医院(儿童医院3家,综合性医院7家)门诊就诊的食源性腹泻患者样本2 129份(与病原菌监测共用)。采用实时荧光定量PCR法,对2 129例腹泻患者按不同年龄分组检测RV和NV型别。结果检出RV和NV核酸阳性165份,总阳性率为7.75%,其中RV阳性率为2.44%,NV阳性率为5.31%;2013-2015年连续检测显示RV阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,NV阳性率呈波动趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=23.46,P=0.000);<5岁组患者感染率高于>18岁组人群,两者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=120.60,P<0.05);RV和NV感染高发季节分别在11~12月和11月至次年的3月,具有季节性。结论 RV和NV在流行特征上有许多相似点,首先是全年各月份均可检出,以秋冬季为感染高峰,NV感染高峰更长;其次均感染<5岁年龄组人群(P<0.05),重症时危及生命。3年检测提示NV已成为病毒性腹泻的主要病原。宁波市处于随时有引起暴发疫情的可能性,应引起关注,加强检测,以减少疾病的流行。
Objective To understand the prevalence and prevalence of rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NV) in patients with diarrhea in Ningbo City during 2013-2015. Methods A total of 2 129 samples of food-borne diarrhea patients from 10 hospitals in Ningbo City (3 children’s hospitals and 7 general hospitals) were collected from 2013 to 2015 (mainly from May to October) (shared with pathogen surveillance) . Real-time PCR was used to detect RV and NV types in 2 129 diarrhea patients by age group. Results The positive rate of RV and NV were detected in 165 samples, the total positive rate was 7.75%. The positive rate of RV was 2.44% and the positive rate of NV was 5.31%. The positive rate of RV was decreased from 2013 to 2015, and the positive rate of NV was positive (Χ ~ 2 = 23.46, P = 0.000). The infection rate of patients under 5 years old was higher than that of 18 years old group (χ ~ 2 = 120.60 , P <0.05). The high incidence of RV and NV infections were seasonal in November to December and November to March of next year respectively. Conclusions There are many similarities in the epidemiological characteristics of RV and NV. The first is that all the months can be detected, the peak of infection in autumn and winter, and the longer peak of NV infection; the second is infection in the population of <5 years old (P <0.05 ), Critically ill life-threatening. 3-year test prompts NV has become the main pathogen of viral diarrhea. Ningbo City at any time the possibility of outbreak caused by the outbreak, should cause concern, and strengthen testing to reduce the epidemic.