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Objective To understand the cognitive status and anxiety factors of COVID-19 in 804Hainan residents during the epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 804 Hainan residents. A non-randomized convenient sampling method combining with online and snowball recruitment method was used. Results The COVID-19 cognitive score of 804 Hainan residents was (61.22±22.45), with a total awareness rate of 71.5％;16.3％ of the respondents had anxiety symptoms, and there were statistically significant differences among different populations of different genders, ages, educational backgrounds, and cognitive levels ( P<0.05). The incidence of anxiety in women (18.1％),13-24years old (20.65％),low education (21.1％),and high cognition of SARS-CoV-2(19.4％)were higher than other groups. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors were gender, age and cognition status. Men were 0.563times higher than women (95％ CI ,0.348～0.911), the age group of 13-24 years old was 1.676times (95％CI,1.124-2.499) higher than 25-65 year old, and people with more COVID-19-related knowledge was 1.532 times higher than that with low cognition (95％CI,1.022～2.296). Conclusion The incidence of anxiety during the COVID-19epidemic was relatively high, and psychological counseling should be actively strengthened to relieve the anxiety symptoms.