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目的探讨短期丰富生存环境干预对中老年雌性大鼠海马结构及其内有髓神经纤维的影响。方法将20只14月龄的雌性SD大鼠随机分为丰富生存环境组和标准环境组,每组各10只,对丰富生存环境组的动物给予4个月丰富生存环境干预,标准环境组于普通标准环境下饲养4个月;然后每组各随机选取5只,采用Morris水迷宫对大鼠的空间学习能力进行测试,然后运用透射电子显微镜和体视学方法分别对大鼠大脑海马结构及其内有髓神经纤维进行定量研究。结果短期丰富生存环境组中老年雌性大鼠与标准环境组相比,其空间学习能力明显增强;丰富生存环境组海马结构内有髓神经纤维总长度和总体积分别显著增加了43.4%和47.4%,且有髓神经纤维总长度的增加主要是由于细小直径的有髓神经纤维长度增加所致。海马结构总体积和海马结构内有髓神经纤维直径未见改变。结论4个月丰富生存环境干预对于14月龄雌性大鼠空间学习能力、海马内有髓神经纤维均有显著性影响。
Objective To investigate the effects of short-term abundant living environment intervention on the structure of hippocampus and the myelinated nerve fibers in middle-aged and aged female rats. Methods Twenty female SD rats of 14 months of age were randomly divided into two groups: the enriched environment group and the standard environment group, with 10 in each group. Four weeks of rich living environment intervention was given to the animals in the enriched environment group. The standard environment group The animals were kept for 4 months under normal standard conditions. Five rats were randomly selected in each group. Morris water maze was used to test the spatial learning ability of rats. Transmission electron microscopy and stereological methods were used to detect the hippocampal formation, The myelinated nerve fibers were quantitatively studied. Results Compared with the standard environment group, the spatial learning ability of middle-aged and elderly female rats in the short-term abundant living environment group was significantly enhanced. The total length and the total volume of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampus of the enriched environment group increased significantly by 43.4% and 47.4% , And the increase of the total length of myelinated nerve fibers was mainly due to the increase of the length of myelinated nerve fibers with small diameter. The total volume of hippocampal formation and the diameter of myelinated nerve fibers within the hippocampal formation were unchanged. CONCLUSION: The four-month rich living environment intervention significantly affected the spatial learning ability and the myelinated nerve fibers in hippocampus of 14-month-old female rats.