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片蚀过程是坡面径流侵蚀过程的第一阶段和侵蚀方式演变的初始形态,阐明坡面片蚀过程可为坡面侵蚀过程模型建立和坡面水土流失治理提供重要科学依据。采用人工模拟降雨试验方法对黄土坡面片蚀过程进行了研究,结果表明:不同雨强及不同坡度下,坡面片蚀率皆随降雨历时的增长呈先急剧增大后趋于稳定的变化趋势,变化的转折点为产流后的5min左右;坡面片蚀模数随雨强和坡度的增大均呈显著的增加,可分别用指数方程和对数方程描述;雨强和坡度对片蚀模数的综合影响可以用二元幂函数方程描述,其中,坡度的影响大于雨强;水流功率是试验条件下与坡面片蚀动力学过程关系最密切的水动力学参数,坡面片蚀动力学过程的发生发展根源于坡面薄层径流的水流功率的动力作用。采取有关水保措施减低地面坡度,增加地面入渗,降低坡面径流流速可以有效地减少坡面片蚀。
The eclipse process is the first stage of erosion process and the initial form of erosion evolution. It is clarified that the process of slope erosion can provide important scientific evidences for establishing model of slope erosion process and soil erosion control. The artificial rainfall experiment was used to study the erosional process of loess slope. The results show that under different rainfall intensities and different slopes, the erosional rate of slope increased sharply at first and then stabilized at a steady level The turning point of trend and change was about 5min after the runoff. The erosion modulus of slope surface increased significantly with the increase of rainfall intensity and gradient, which could be described by exponential equation and logarithm equation respectively. The combined effect of erosion modulus can be described by the binary power function equation, in which the slope effect is greater than the rainfall intensity. The flow power is the hydrodynamic parameter that has the closest relationship with the erosion kinetics of the slope slice under the experimental conditions. The development of erosion dynamics stems from the dynamic effect of the flow power on the thin-bedded runoff on the slope surface. Taking measures related to soil and water conservation to reduce the slope of the ground, increase the infiltration of the ground and reduce the runoff velocity of the slope can effectively reduce the slope erosion.