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储层中裂缝的存在必然引起地震波传播特征的变化，波场特征的变化同储层中裂缝密度和裂缝方位有关，因而这种特征变化可以作为检测裂隙存在的有效手段。本文利用物理模型方法研究了裂缝密度和方位角变化对地震波传播特征的影响。实验发现：裂缝密度较高时，可以观测到明显的横波分裂现象；而裂缝密度较低时，仅能观测到微小的速度异常。同时快横渡与慢横波在振幅和频率特征上也具有明显差异。这些波场特征的分析对于裂缝检测具有重要意义。
The existence of cracks in reservoirs inevitably leads to the variation of seismic wave propagation characteristics. The changes of wave field characteristics are related to the fracture density and fracture orientation in reservoirs. Therefore, this characteristic change can be used as an effective measure to detect the existence of fractures. In this paper, the influence of the variation of crack density and azimuth angle on the propagation characteristics of seismic waves is studied by the physical model method. The experiment shows that when the crack density is high, the obvious shear wave splitting phenomenon can be observed. When the crack density is low, only tiny velocity anomalies can be observed. At the same time, the fast and slow shear waves also have significant differences in amplitude and frequency characteristics. The analysis of these wavefield features is of great significance to the crack detection.