目的观察后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的疗效。方法采用后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗UPJO患儿26例,为观察组。另取32例采用传统开放手术治疗的UPJO患儿为对照组。结果两组手术均顺利完成。两组手术时间、术后腹膜后引流管留置时间、并发症、临床疗效相比P均>0.05;观察组患儿术中出血量、止痛药使用时间、术后住院时间、术后恢复正常生活时间均少于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论 后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿UPJO安全、创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、手术效果确切。 Objective To observe the effect of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty on pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Methods Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty was performed in 26 children with UPJO, which was observed in the observation group. Another 32 cases of UPJO children treated with traditional open surgery as the control group. Results Both procedures were successfully completed. The operation time, postoperative retroperitoneal drainage tube indwelling time, complications, clinical efficacy compared P> 0.05; the observation group of children with intraoperative bleeding, painkillers use time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative recovery to normal life Time less than the control group (P all <0.05). Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty in the treatment of pediatric UPJO is safe, less traumatic, less painful and faster to recover. The operative effect is exact.