慢性肾功能不全时氯化钾的使用常常为高血钾所限制,而高血钾通常由明显的组织酸中毒和组织内缺钾共同引起。此外,慢性肾功能不全早期,当组织内缺钾时,血清钾离子浓度往往是正常的。使用碳酸氢钠溶液有助于消除高血钾;但消除组织内缺钾仍然是没有解决的问题,因为在等渗氯化钠溶液中加入氯化钾使这种液体的大剂量使用受限 The use of potassium chloride in chronic renal insufficiency is often limited by hyperkalemia, which is usually caused by significant tissue acidosis and tissue potassium deficiency. In addition, early in chronic renal insufficiency, serum potassium levels tend to be normal when potassium is depleted in tissues. The use of sodium bicarbonate solution helps to eliminate hyperkalemia; however, the elimination of tissue potassium deficiency remains an unresolved problem because the addition of potassium chloride to an isotonic sodium chloride solution limits the high dose use of this fluid