三、石刻、玉文、及陶文在早期,石、玉、陶器是文字记载最普通也是最耐久的媒体。石刻最早的例子是秦石鼓,大概是春秋晚期或战国早期的产品,后来就成为传载永久文件最相宜的媒体,如墓志以及儒、释、道家的经典。正如钱教授在此书中所解释,纸的最早的用途之一就是拓印石碑或其他石刻。有文字的石刻记录与有铭文的青铜器记录是同样的散漫。据说现在存有10万块刻石,但仅有3万件拓片问世,最近有几部拓片合集和索引出版。西方学者对石刻及墓志的研究颇为散漫,但最近也有 Third, stone, jade, and Tao in the early days, stone, jade, pottery is the most common and most durable media records. The earliest examples of stone inscriptions were Qin Shigu, probably the late Spring and Autumn Period or early Warring States period, which later became the most appropriate medium for transmitting permanent documents such as epitaphs, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. As Professor Qian explained in this book, one of the earliest uses of paper is to rub stone tablets or other stone carvings. Scratch records with text are the same scatterings as inscriptions on bronze records. Allegedly there are 100,000 carved stone, but only 30,000 rubbings come out, recently a few rubbings collection and indexing. Western scholars on stone carvings and epitaphs are quite diffuse, but recently there