一、直接言词原则的要求根据各国的立法和司法实践,直接言词原则在审判程序和证据规则上有如下要求:(1)法庭审判必须在被告人、检察官亲自在场的情况下进行,即“在场原则”。(2)在法庭审判过程中,所有提供言词证据的原证人、鉴定人、被害人、被告人必须出庭作证。(3)法官对证据的调查和采纳必须亲自进行。(4)法官采纳的证据,一般应当是原始证据。除法律有明确规定,传来证据或者第二手证据,不得采纳。(5)法官审判必须持续而集中的进行,一般不得间断,电不得中途换法官。 I. Requirements of the Direct Verbal Principle According to the legislative and judicial practices of all countries, the principle of direct verbalization has the following requirements in trial procedures and evidence rules: (1) The court trial must be conducted in the presence of the defendant and the prosecutor in person, that is, “Presence principle”. (2) During the court trial, all the original witnesses, appraisers, victims and defendants who provide verbal evidence must appear in court to testify. (3) The judge’s investigation and acceptance of evidence must be conducted in person. (4) The evidence adopted by the judge should generally be the original evidence. Except as expressly provided by law, no evidence or second evidence may be accepted. (5) The trial of judges must be conducted continuously and centrally, and generally should not be interrupted without changing the judge’s power.