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目的:测评济宁市老年人基本日常生活活动和工具性日常生活活动能力,探讨影响老年人日常生活活动能力的因素。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样方法,应用Katz日常生活活动量表(Katz-ADL)和Lawton工具性日常生活活动量表(Lawton-IADL),对济宁市≥65岁的504位老年人进行问卷调查。结果:济宁市老年人ADL、IADL完全受损的频率男性分别为0.74%和7.78%,女性为0.86%、15.39%,存在性别差异(Wilcoxon W检验,p<0.001)。与ADL和IADL功能保持完好相比,老年人的年龄、生活状况的自我评价对ADL和IADL受损的影响有统计学意义(年龄OR值分别为3.202、3.074,生活状况自评OR值分别为:0.464、0.515)。结论:年龄、性别、对生活状况的自我评价是老年人日常生活活动能力的影响因素。家庭和社会应从健康生命质量的高度关爱老年人,鼓励和帮助老年人从事力所能及的活动和家务劳动,从而保持独立的日常生活活动能力。
Objective: To evaluate the basic daily activities and instrumental activities of the elderly in Jining, and to explore the factors influencing the daily living activities of the elderly. Methods: A total of 504 seniors ≥65 years old in Jining City were surveyed using the multi-stage random sampling method and Katz-ADL and Lawton-IADL. . Results: The frequency of ADL and IADL in Jining elders were 0.74% and 7.78%, respectively, and 0.86% and 15.39% respectively in women. There was a gender difference (Wilcoxon W test, p <0.001). Compared with the intact ADL and IADL, the self-evaluation of the age and living conditions of the elderly had a significant effect on the impairment of ADL and IADL (OR = 3.202, 3.074, OR = : 0.464, 0.515). Conclusion: Age, gender and self-evaluation of living conditions are the influencing factors of daily living ability of the elderly. Families and societies should care for the elderly from the perspective of a healthy quality of life, encouraging and helping the elderly to do whatever they can and chores, so as to maintain their independence in activities of daily living.