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选用氮素利用高效型和低效型具有代表性的12个粳稻基因型,研究水稻氮素积累、转移特性的差异及其与氮素利用效率的相互关系。结果表明,有效分蘖临界叶龄(N-n)、抽穗和成熟期,氮高效类型水稻的氮素积累量极显著高于氮低效类型,而拔节期差异不明显。水稻氮素的阶段性积累量,除(N-n)至拔节阶段,氮高效类型水稻极显著低于氮低效类型外,其余各阶段氮高效类型水稻的氮积累量均极显著高于氮低效类型。水稻氮素的阶段性积累率,移栽至(N-n)和(N-n)至拔节阶段氮低效类型水稻显著大于氮高效类型,而在拔节至抽穗和抽穗至成熟阶段则表现出相反的趋势。抽穗前的氮素转移量和转移率,氮高效类型水稻显著或极显著大于氮低效类型,而抽穗前氮对籽粒的贡献率,氮高效类型极显著低于氮低效类型。氮高效类型水稻具有在(N-n)前氮素适度积累,(N-n)后至抽穗阶段,氮素的有效积累高而无效积累弱的特点。因此至抽穗期,氮高效类型水稻的氮素积累量大于氮低效类型,具有较高的氮素转移量和转移率。但由于氮高效类型水稻在抽穗以后仍具有较强的氮素积累能力,因此其抽穗前氮对籽粒的贡献率相对低于氮低效类型。
Nitrogen utilization The 12 japonica rice genotypes, which are highly efficient and inefficient, were used to study the differences of nitrogen accumulation and translocation in rice and its relationship with nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation of nitrogen efficient rice was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient rice at the effective leaf tillering (N-n), heading and maturity stages, but no significant difference at jointing stage. The accumulative amount of N in rice was significantly lower than that in N inefficient types except for Nn to jointing stage. The nitrogen accumulation of other types of nitrogen-efficient rice was significantly higher than that of N Types of. The stage N accumulation rate of rice was significantly higher than that of nitrogen efficient type under nitrogen (N-n) and (N-n) to jointing stage, but opposite trend from jointing to heading and heading to maturity. Nitrogen translocation and translocation before heading were significantly or significantly higher in nitrogen-efficient rice than in nitrogen inefficient rice, while the contribution of nitrogen to grain before heading was significantly lower than that of nitrogen inefficient. Nitrogen-efficient rice has the characteristics of pre-N accumulation, (N-n) to heading stage, high N accumulation and ineffective accumulation. Therefore, at the heading stage, the nitrogen accumulation of nitrogen-efficient rice was higher than that of nitrogen inefficient and had higher nitrogen transfer and transfer rate. However, since nitrogen efficient rice still has strong nitrogen accumulation ability after heading, the contribution of nitrogen to grain before heading is relatively lower than that of nitrogen inefficient type.