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作物育种和其他学科一样也有一个方法论的问题值得研究。本文简要的探讨了作物育种方法发展的几个规律性的问题。文章从不同角度,把育种方法分为无意识的方法和有意识的方法;利用自然变异的方法和人工创造变异的方法;古典的方法、近代的方法和现代的方法。并从中抽象出育种方法从单一到综合、从缓慢到快速、从个体分散到协作和专业化、从宏观到微观发展的规律。同时,提出现代育种方法的特点,予示育种方法必将走向高度综合、走向系统化、工业化、自动化。本文认为,遗传理论在方法论的意义上,对育种方法的发展具有极其重要的作用。而且认为,在现代育种中,遗传理论可以迅速地直接地转化为育种方法。本文还讨论了各门科学技术和方法对作物育种方法发展的影响。认为各学科的互相影响和综合必然使各学科的方法互相渗透和移植,各门科学技术和方法必然向育种方法渗透和移植。从育种学本身来说,各种育种方法的发展也必然走向综合。
Crop breeding, like other disciplines, also has a methodological question worth studying. This article briefly discusses several regularities in the development of crop breeding methods. From different angles, the article divides breeding methods into unconscious and conscious methods, natural variation methods and artificial variation methods, classical methods, modern methods and modern methods. And abstract the law of breeding methods from single to comprehensive, from slow to rapid, from individual to collaboration and specialization, from macroscopic to microcosmic development. At the same time, the characteristics of modern breeding methods are proposed, indicating that the breeding methods will be highly integrated and will be systematized, industrialized and automated. This paper argues that genetic theory plays an extremely important role in the development of breeding methods in the sense of methodology. Moreover, in modern breeding, genetic theory can be quickly and directly translated into breeding methods. This article also discusses the impact of various scientific techniques and methods on the development of crop breeding methods. It is considered that the mutual influence and synthesis of all disciplines will inevitably make the methods of different disciplines infiltrate and transplanted each other, and all the scientific techniques and methods inevitably infiltrate and transplant the breeding methods. From the perspective of breeding itself, the development of various breeding methods must also be integrated.