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在2000～2005年期间,通过测定几种超级杂交水稻与普通杂交水稻‘汕优63’的产量构成和叶片光合作用探讨了谷粒产量与光合作用的关系。结果表明:(1)4种超级杂交水稻‘培矮64S/E32’、‘P88S/O293’、‘金23A/611’和‘GD-lS/ RB207’的产量水平显著高于‘汕优63’,是对照的108%～120%。(2)与‘汕优63’相比,这些超级杂交水稻的株型好,上层叶片直立,穗大即每穗粒数多,是对照的125%～177%。(3)与‘汕优63’相比,这些组合第二叶的净光合速率显著提高,但第一叶即剑叶的未必都较高。(4)去半叶处理降低了‘GD-1S/RB207’的结实率,而去半穗处理显著提高了结实率。因此,这些超级杂交水稻的高产原因在于穗大、株型好以及群体光能利用效率高。增加单叶特别是剑叶的光合能力是克服谷粒产量的光合产物源限制和在未来的超级杂交水稻育种中实现产量潜力新突破的关键。
During the period from 2000 to 2005, the relationship between grain yield and photosynthesis was investigated by measuring the yield components and photosynthesis of ’Shanyou 63’, a hybrid rice variety with common hybrid rice. The results showed that: (1) The yield of ’Pei’ai 64S / E32’, ’P88S / O293’, ’Jin23A / 611’ and ’GD-lS / RB207’ were significantly higher than those of ’Shanyou 63’ , Which is 108% ~ 120% of the control. (2) Compared with ’Shanyou 63’, these super hybrid rice had good plant type and the upper leaves were erect. The number of spikelets per spike was large, which was 125% ~ 177% of the control. (3) Compared with ’Shanyou 63’, the net photosynthetic rate of the second leaf of these combinations increased significantly, but the first leaf or the flag leaf was not necessarily higher. (4) Half-leaf treatment reduced the seed setting rate of ’GD-1S / RB207’, whereas treatment with half-spike significantly increased the seed setting rate. Therefore, the reason for the high yield of these super hybrid rice is that the panicle size is large, the plant type is good, and the group utilization efficiency of light energy is high. Increasing the photosynthetic capacity of single leaves, especially the flag leaves, is the key to new breakthroughs in limiting the source of photosynthetic resources for grain yield and for realizing the yield potential in the future of super-hybrid rice breeding.