概论冷冻外科是应用较低的温度于活体组织以达到治疗的效果。温度在-20～-170℃,生理的变化非常迅速,反应于细胞。冷冻治疗有两个不同的目的:(1)在冷冻器械与组织之间形成冰结(iceboad)以切除或“拔除”(extract)被冷冻了的病变组织。(2)有选择性地破坏组织或细胞。实验证明细胞内冷冻结晶的形成是使细胞损害或死亡的重要因素,致死性损害的致因可能是:细胞膜破裂;细胞内脱水,继发性电解质浓度升高;蛋白质变性;酶的抑制 Introduction Cryosurgery is the use of lower temperatures in living tissues to achieve therapeutic effects. Temperatures range from -20 to -170°C, and physiological changes occur very rapidly and respond to cells. Cryotherapy has two different purposes: (1) Icebodies are formed between the cryo-instrument and the tissue to excise or “extract” frozen frozen lesions. (2) selectively destroy tissue or cells. Experiments show that the formation of intracellular freezing crystals is an important factor that causes cell damage or death. The cause of fatal damage may be: cell membrane rupture; intracellular dehydration, secondary electrolyte concentration increase; protein denaturation; enzyme inhibition