论文部分内容阅读
尽管主要发达国家的化学品管理体系已经运行了30多年,但诸多不完善使这些体系仍然不断面临挑战。这些因素包括数据的质量和数量,对监管工作人员与资源的需求增长,危害和暴露评估方法的演变,以及化学品管理究竟是应该基于风险(危害和暴露)还是基于危害的争鸣。新兴国家和发展中国家在建立各自的化学品管理体系的过程中,迫切希望借鉴发达国家的经验,减少或避免已往失误和现存的缺陷。即使如此,正在新建或完善的国家管理体系,也还会面临着相同的命题或者新的挑战。本文着重以个人的亲身经验,评述了美国和欧洲已有的管理体系和正在完善的中国的化学品管理体系,这些体系的一些关键元素,以及危害、暴露与风险评估方法演变所带来的挑战,并就如何进一步改进和完善化学品管理体系提出了个人的见解和建议。
Although the chemicals management systems of the major developed countries have been in operation for more than 30 years, many imperfections keep these systems constantly under challenge. These factors include the quality and quantity of data, the growth in demand for regulatory staff and resources, the evolution of hazard and exposure assessment methods, and whether chemicals management should be based on risks (hazards and exposures) or on the basis of harm. In establishing their respective chemical management systems, emerging countries and developing countries are eager to learn from the experience of developed countries and reduce or avoid past mistakes and existing defects. Even so, new or improved national management systems are still facing the same propositions or new challenges. This article focuses on personal first-hand experience of the existing regulatory systems in the United States and Europe and the improving Chinese chemicals management system. Some of the key elements of these systems and the challenges posed by the evolution of hazards, exposures and risk assessment methods And put forward personal opinions and suggestions on how to further improve and perfect the chemical management system.