对大秦重载铁路钢轨电位及其地表电位进行了实时同步测试。建立了AT短回路网络模型和地电位等效模型,推导了钢轨电压和地表电位的数学表达式,并通过实测数据计算了钢轨电压衰减常数。结合实测数据和理论建模分析了钢轨电位和地表电位的分布特性,考虑重载铁路负荷电流大和钢轨对地电位很高的情况,该分析可以为降低钢轨和地表电位的有效措施奠定基础。 The Daqin heavy haul railway rail potential and its surface potential were tested in real time. The short circuit network model of AT and the equivalent model of ground potential are established. The mathematical expressions of rail voltage and ground potential are deduced. The decay constant of rail voltage is calculated by the measured data. According to the measured data and theoretical modeling, the distribution characteristics of rail potential and surface potential are analyzed. Considering the heavy load current of heavy haul railway and the high potential of rail to ground, this analysis can lay a foundation for effective measures to reduce rail and ground potential.