目的了解新疆霍尔果斯口岸地区鼠类种类和携带病原体情况。方法 2016年,在霍尔果斯口岸地区采用夹日法和夹夜法捕鼠,对捕获鼠类进行形态鉴定,采集鼠类脾脏和肺组织,用PCR方法检测嗜吞噬细胞无形体、莱姆病螺旋体、鼠疫耶尔森菌和斑点热群立克次体,用RT-PCR方法检测汉坦病毒。结果 2016年,在霍尔果斯口岸地区捕鼠5种91只,平均鼠密度为8.70%,优势鼠种为红尾沙土鼠。从红尾沙土鼠和灰仓鼠各1只检出嗜吞噬细胞无形体,从2只红尾沙土鼠中检出莱姆病螺旋体,从7只红尾沙土鼠和1只小家鼠中检出斑点热群立克次体,未检测到鼠疫耶尔森菌和汉坦病毒。结论霍尔果斯口岸地区鼠类携带多种病原体,应加强当地鼠类监测。 Objective To understand the species and pathogen of murine in Horgos Port, Xinjiang. Methods In 2016, the rats were caught in the Horgos port area with the method of catching the sun and catching the night, and the morphological characteristics of the captured mice were detected. The murine spleen and lung tissues were collected and the phage phagocytes were detected by PCR. Lyme Spirochetes, Yersinia pestis and Spotted fever group rickettsia, and the Hantaan virus was detected by RT-PCR. Results In 2016, 91 species of 5 mice were caught in the Horgos port area, with an average rat density of 8.70%. The dominant species was red-tailed gerbil. From the red-haired gerbils and the gray hamster, one phagocytosis of phagocytes was detected, and the leptospirosis was detected from the two red-gerbil gerbils, which were detected from seven red-gerbil gerbils and one small rat Spotted fever group Rickettsia, Yersinia pestis and Hantavirus were not detected. Conclusion The rodents carrying a variety of pathogens in the Horgos port area should strengthen the monitoring of local rodents.