城乡二元结构矛盾突出。二元结构是发展中国家国民经济体系的共有特征,但中国具有历史原因形成的城乡差别,使得其国民经济的二元结构特征尤为突出。农民收入增长和农业投入缺乏持续的动力机制,农村“货往哪里卖,钱从哪里来,人往哪里走”三个难题迟迟难以解决。即使将城市居民的福利性收益排除在外,目前农民人均收入还不到城市居民的四分之一。由此带来的几个问题是:实际失业人数增多、市场消费尤其是农村市场消费需求不足、县乡镇级财政亏空和社会安定失衡。可以说,城乡二元结构经济特征不弱化,占总人口约三分之二的农村居民生活和消费水平不提高,中国经济就缺乏可持续发展的基础,可持续发展战略都只能是纸上谈兵。 Urban-rural dual structure prominent contradictions. The dual structure is a common characteristic of developing countries’ national economic systems. However, due to historical differences in China’s urban-rural differences, the dualistic structure of its national economy is particularly prominent. Farmers’ income growth and lack of sustained investment in agricultural power mechanism, the rural “where to sell goods, where the money come from, where people go,” the three problems have been difficult to solve. Even if the welfare benefits of urban residents are excluded, the per capita income of farmers is less than one quarter of that of urban residents. The resulting problems are: the actual number of unemployed people is increasing, the market consumption, especially the consumer demand in the rural market, is inadequate, and the fiscal deficit at county and township levels and social stability are unbalanced. It can be said that the economic structure of the urban-rural dual structure is not weakened, and the living and consumption level of rural residents, which account for about two-thirds of the total population, does not increase. China’s economy lacks the basis for sustainable development and all sustainable development strategies can only be negotiated on paper.