氚发射的β粒子能量很低,最大能量仅18keV,因此直接测氚需要灵敏度高的无窗或薄窗计数器。国外过去大多采用正比计数器,近年来也采用闪烁计数器。前者灵敏度高,技术成熟但制作麻烦,使用时需携带笨重的充气钢瓶,后者结构及线路简单,携带轻便,适于批量生产。为此,我们研制了用固体闪烁计数器探测氚的表面污染测量仪。 Tritium-emitting beta particles have low energy and a maximum energy of only 18 keV, so direct measurement of tritium requires a windowless or thin window counter with high sensitivity. Most foreign past the use of proportional counters, in recent years also used scintillation counter. The former has high sensitivity, mature technology but troublesome operation. When used, it needs to carry bulky gas cylinders. The latter structure and wiring are simple, portable and suitable for mass production. To this end, we have developed a solid scintillation counter to detect tritium surface contamination measuring instrument.