形式主义的成就形式派清楚地了解自己试图取代的传统文学批评学派所存在的智力软弱性。对此,雅各布森在《论艺术现实主义》中作了概述: 直到近来,艺术史,特别是文学史,与其说是学术研究,不如说是报纸随笔。它服从随笔的一切规律:轻率地从一个论题跳到另一个论题,从形式优雅的情感流露跳到艺术家生活的轶闻趣事,从心理学上的陈词滥调到哲学意义问题和社会环境问题……就使用学术名词来说,艺术史同样一直很轻率,它使用流行的词汇,而不 Formalist forms of achievement clearly understand the intellectual weaknesses of the schools of traditional literary criticism that they seek to replace. In this regard, Jacobson made an overview of “On Art Realism”: Until recently, art history, especially the history of literature, was not so much academic research as a newspaper essay. It obeys all the rules of essay: jerkily jump from one topic to another, from the elegant emotion to the anecdote of artist’s life, from psychology cliché to philosophical significance and social environment ... Art terminology, too, has always been useless in academic terminology, using popular terms instead of