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未成熟卵母细胞体外培养成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)是指将GV期或MI期的卵母细胞在体外培养发育到第二次减数分裂中期(MII期),能够正常发育、受精和着床。人未成熟卵母细胞体外培养成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)技术已有几十年历史,作为治疗不孕症的新手段,为赠卵以及女性生育力保存提供了新途径。近年随着细胞分子生物科学的迅猛发展,IVM取得了很大进展,向IVM培养系统添加促性腺激素、甾体激素、抗氧化剂、减数分裂抑制剂、生长因子、抑制素/激活素等有助于卵母细胞体外成熟。但仍面临卵母细胞成熟率不高、成熟后体外受精率低、妊娠率低的问题,完善IVM培养系统及相关辅助治疗是IVM的关键,如何获得稳定、有较高成功率的培养体系是亟需解决的问题。现对近几年一些较新的研究发现进行总结,主要从基础培养液、添加成分、培养条件的选择等方面予以综述。
Immature oocytes in vitro maturation (IVM) refers to the GV stage or MI oocyte in vitro development to the second meiotic metaphase (MII period), to the normal development, fertilization and Implantation. In vitro maturation (IVM) of human immature oocytes has been around for decades. As a new treatment for infertility, it provides a new way for egg donation and female fertility conservation. In recent years, with the rapid development of cellular and molecular biological science, great progress has been made in IVM to add gonadotropins, steroid hormones, antioxidants, meiosis inhibitors, growth factors, inhibin / activin and the like to IVM culture system Help oocytes mature in vitro. But still face the problem of low mature rate of oocytes, low rate of in vitro fertilization and low pregnancy rate after maturity. To improve IVM culture system and related adjuvant therapy is the key of IVM. How to obtain stable and high success rate culture system is Urgent problems to be solved. Now some newer research findings in recent years are summarized, mainly from the basic culture medium, additives, selection of culture conditions are reviewed.