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在马克思那里,批判就其存在形态而言,它包括观念形态的精神批判活动和物质形态的实践批判活动,即理论批判和实践批判。马克思不仅仅强调理论批判,强调理论批判和实践批判的辩证统一,更强调将理论批判变成实践批判。就理论批判而言,社会批判是思想家、理论家的事情,马克思社会批判理论的主体当然是马克思本人,而实践批判的真正主体是把人的自由解放作为自我意识贯穿到实践中的群众。
In the case of Marx, criticism, in terms of its existence, includes the spiritual criticism of ideology and the practical criticism of material forms, namely, theoretical criticism and practical criticism. Marx not only emphasizes theoretical criticism, emphasizes the dialectical unification of theoretical criticism and practical criticism, but also emphasizes turning theoretical criticism into practical criticism. As far as theoretical criticism is concerned, social criticism is a matter for thinkers and theorists. The main body of Marx’s theory of social criticism is, of course, Marx himself. The true subject of practical criticism is the mass of people who liberate human liberation as self-awareness through to practice.