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在现行高中物理甲种本第三册中,关于显微镜和望远镜的光路图问题是教学中的一个难点。通常认为,要完成其整个光路的作图需借助副光轴和焦平面,这显然超出了中学物理教学大纲的要求。对此,一般老师都回避不讲。而学生面对课本上的成像光路图,望而生畏。笔者采用了一种简易作图法,使这个教学的疑难问题迎刃而解。一、关于显微镜成像光路图如图1所示,L_1、L_2分别表示显微镜的物镜和目镜F_1、F′_与F_2、F′_2分别为L_1和L_2的两个焦点。AB为被观察的、与主轴垂直的微小物体。
In the current High School Physics Category A book, the issue of optical path diagrams for microscopes and telescopes is a difficulty in teaching. It is generally believed that the drawing of the entire light path requires the use of a secondary optical axis and a focal plane, which is clearly beyond the requirements of the secondary school physics syllabus. In this regard, the average teacher avoids speaking. Students are daunted by the imaging lightpaths on the textbooks. The author adopted a simple mapping method to make this difficult teaching problem solved. First, on the microscope imaging light path diagram shown in Figure 1, L_1, L_2, respectively, the microscope objective lens and eyepieces F_1, F′_ and F_2, F′_2 were L_1 and L_2 focus. AB is a small object that is observed perpendicular to the main axis.