新农村建设的根本在于农民素质的提高。建立以国家财政为支撑,发达地区结合农民教育项目进行配套的国家农民教育基金是提高农民素质、培养新型农民的现实选择。国家农民教育基金是专门用于对具备一定基础知识的农民传授农业专业知识、培训专业技能等农民职业教育,提高农民素质、培养新型农民的专项资金。其性质是以政府为主体的非法人机构,资金主要来源于国家财政。 The fundamental task of building a new socialist countryside is to improve the quality of peasants. The establishment of a national peasant education fund that is supported by the national finance and complemented by farmer education programs in developed areas is a realistic choice to improve the quality of peasants and train new peasants. The National Farmers Education Fund is a specialized fund devoted to educating peasants who have a certain basic knowledge about agricultural professional knowledge, training professional skills and other peasants’ vocational education, improving their quality and cultivating new-type peasants. Its nature is based on the government as the main body of non-legal person, the funds come mainly from the state finance.