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V-ing形式是非谓语动词一种，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、状语等不同的成分。本文将从从句的角度来讲解V-ing形式，弄清V-ing形式与从句的关系。
1. V-ing 形式作主语（可换成that 引导的主语从句）
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
= That we watch a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French.
= That Tom knows English helps him in learning French.
Her being out of work was unexpected.
= That she was out of work was unexpected.
2. V-ing 形式作宾语（可换成that 引导的宾语从句或if引导的条件状语从句）
I remember having paid him for his work.
= I remember that I have paid him for his work.
He suggests us making better use of the school library.
= He suggests that we （should） make better use of the school library.
I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
= I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind if we ask a few questions.
3. V-ing 形式作表语（可换成that 引导的表语从句）
Our worry is your depending too much on him.
= Our worry is that you depend too much on him.
The question is many people’s being trapped in the fire.
= The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.
4. V-ing 形式作定语（可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句）
We will study in the house facing south.
= We will study in the house that /which faces south.
The man talking to my teacher is my father.
= The man who /that is talking to my teacher is my father.
5. V-ing 形式作状语（可换成相应的状语从句）
Walking down the street, he heard someone calling him.
= While he was walking down the street, he heard someone calling him.
Having been shown around the teaching building, the visitors were led into the library.
= After the visitors had been shown around the teaching building, they were led into the library.
In doing so he collected information from farmers who did well.
= While he did so, he collected information from farmers who did well.
On arriving there, I will telephone you.
= As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.
Working hard, you will succeed.
= If you work hard, you will succeed.
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
= Because he saw nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
= Though he worked very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
另外,V-ing 形式在句中可以表伴随、方式或作结果状语,相当于一个并列句
Once I stop, it all comes crowding in.
= Once I stop, it all comes and crowds in.
I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. （表伴随）
= I stood for a minute, watched them and then went to greet them.
The girls came in, following their parents.
= The girls followed their parents and came in.（表伴随）
He died, leaving his daughter much money.
= He died, and （he） left his daughter much money. （表结果）
诚然，并不是所有的V-ing形式都可以和从句或并列句进行转换。但是通过以上V-ing形式与从句之间的转换，我们可以更清楚地理解V-ing形式在句子中所起的作用。
[【练习】]
恰当使用V-ing形式转换下列句子：
1. When we saw those pictures, we couldn’t help laughing.
__________________, we couldn’t help laughing.
2. After they had finished their homework, they went out swimming in the lake.
__________________, they went out swimming in the lake.
3. Though it weighted 100 jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
__________________, the stone was moved by him alone.
4. As he was being watched by many people, he felt nervous on the stage.
__________________, he felt nervous on the stage.
5. The highway which leads to the city is under repair now.
__________________is under repair now.
6. The bridge that is being built now over the Changjiang River will be completed at the end of this year.
__________________over the Changjiang River will be completed at the end of this year.
7. That you work hard is well known to us all.
__________________ is well known to us all.
8. He insisted that I should stand next to you.
He insisted __________________ next to you.
9. She admitted that she had made up a story to explain her absence.
She admitted __________________ to explain her absence.
10. The problem is that parents pay too much attention to their children now.
The problem is __________________ their children now.
[【参考答案】]
1. Seeing those pictures
2. Having finished their homework
3. Weighing 100 jin
4. Being watched by many people
5. The highway leading to the city
6. The bridge being built now
7. Your working hard
8. me/my standing
9. having made up a story
10. parents’ paying too much attention to
1. V-ing 形式作主语（可换成that 引导的主语从句）
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
= That we watch a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French.
= That Tom knows English helps him in learning French.
Her being out of work was unexpected.
= That she was out of work was unexpected.
2. V-ing 形式作宾语（可换成that 引导的宾语从句或if引导的条件状语从句）
I remember having paid him for his work.
= I remember that I have paid him for his work.
He suggests us making better use of the school library.
= He suggests that we （should） make better use of the school library.
I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
= I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind if we ask a few questions.
3. V-ing 形式作表语（可换成that 引导的表语从句）
Our worry is your depending too much on him.
= Our worry is that you depend too much on him.
The question is many people’s being trapped in the fire.
= The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.
4. V-ing 形式作定语（可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句）
We will study in the house facing south.
= We will study in the house that /which faces south.
The man talking to my teacher is my father.
= The man who /that is talking to my teacher is my father.
5. V-ing 形式作状语（可换成相应的状语从句）
Walking down the street, he heard someone calling him.
= While he was walking down the street, he heard someone calling him.
Having been shown around the teaching building, the visitors were led into the library.
= After the visitors had been shown around the teaching building, they were led into the library.
In doing so he collected information from farmers who did well.
= While he did so, he collected information from farmers who did well.
On arriving there, I will telephone you.
= As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.
Working hard, you will succeed.
= If you work hard, you will succeed.
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
= Because he saw nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
= Though he worked very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
另外,V-ing 形式在句中可以表伴随、方式或作结果状语,相当于一个并列句
Once I stop, it all comes crowding in.
= Once I stop, it all comes and crowds in.
I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. （表伴随）
= I stood for a minute, watched them and then went to greet them.
The girls came in, following their parents.
= The girls followed their parents and came in.（表伴随）
He died, leaving his daughter much money.
= He died, and （he） left his daughter much money. （表结果）
诚然，并不是所有的V-ing形式都可以和从句或并列句进行转换。但是通过以上V-ing形式与从句之间的转换，我们可以更清楚地理解V-ing形式在句子中所起的作用。
[【练习】]
恰当使用V-ing形式转换下列句子：
1. When we saw those pictures, we couldn’t help laughing.
__________________, we couldn’t help laughing.
2. After they had finished their homework, they went out swimming in the lake.
__________________, they went out swimming in the lake.
3. Though it weighted 100 jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
__________________, the stone was moved by him alone.
4. As he was being watched by many people, he felt nervous on the stage.
__________________, he felt nervous on the stage.
5. The highway which leads to the city is under repair now.
__________________is under repair now.
6. The bridge that is being built now over the Changjiang River will be completed at the end of this year.
__________________over the Changjiang River will be completed at the end of this year.
7. That you work hard is well known to us all.
__________________ is well known to us all.
8. He insisted that I should stand next to you.
He insisted __________________ next to you.
9. She admitted that she had made up a story to explain her absence.
She admitted __________________ to explain her absence.
10. The problem is that parents pay too much attention to their children now.
The problem is __________________ their children now.
[【参考答案】]
1. Seeing those pictures
2. Having finished their homework
3. Weighing 100 jin
4. Being watched by many people
5. The highway leading to the city
6. The bridge being built now
7. Your working hard
8. me/my standing
9. having made up a story
10. parents’ paying too much attention to