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要深入理解杜威美学,就要从其形而上学立场开始。他试图以自己哲学思想最核心的“经验自然主义”所提供的整体性与过程性去克服传统形而上学二元论,超越理性主义和经验主义。在他的美学中,基于“一个经验”的审美经验代表了最完满的经验,使艺术能够通过自身的过程性和整体性为人的生活提供意义与价值。艺术与审美是获得好生活的智慧,同时也是赋予人们以意义的实践。艺术作为开放性的交流,最充分地实现了民主,民主社群使好生活得以可能,民主生活则是好生活的理想。杜威在艺术和审美中找到了克服传统形而上学中二元论、基础主义的整体性、过程性的办法,并且从中看到了理想伦理生活的理智性与情感性。他对“意义”的讨论是其经验形而上学与美学理论之间至为重要的纽带,并且最终通向伦理学的价值维度。在今天,通过重新思考杜威美学,人们也许会得到启发,能够以更广阔的视野面向未来。
To understand Du Wei’s aesthetics, we must start from the metaphysical standpoint. He attempts to overcome the traditional dualism of metaphysics and surpass rationalism and empiricism by the holistic and procedural provided by his “core natural empiricism”, the core of his own philosophical thought. In his aesthetics, the aesthetic experience based on “one experience ” represents the most perfect experience, enabling art to provide meaning and value to human life through its own process and integrity. Art and aesthetics are the wisdom to get a good life, but also to give meaning to people’s practice. As an open exchange of art, democracy is most fully realized. A democratic community makes good life possible, and democratic life is an ideal for a good life. Dewey found in art and aesthetics a holistic and procedural approach to overcome the dualism and foundationalism in traditional metaphysics and saw the rational and sentimental nature of ideal ethical life. His discussion of “meaning ” is the most important link between his empirical metaphysics and his theory of aesthetics, and ultimately to the value dimension of ethics. Today, by rethinking Dewey’s aesthetics, people may be inspired to look to the future with a broader perspective.