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为了解化肥配施不同有机肥在不同生态条件下对植烟土壤养分释放及烤烟养分吸收的影响,于2008年在广西靖西县和南丹县烟区进行了化肥配施花生麸、猪厩肥、糖厂滤泥堆肥和稻草堆肥等有机肥的田间试验。结果表明:与纯化肥或当地推荐施肥相比,化肥配施有机肥处理的烤烟产量和上等烟比例在靖西县分别提高4.6%~15.5%和92.3%~106.7%,南丹县提高0.06%~32.4%和65.7%~97.8%;两县烤烟上、中部叶片的全钾、总氮、总糖、还原糖含量提高,烟碱下降,氮/碱比更接近0.8~0.9,糖碱比更接近10。不同的化肥配施有机肥处理间,烤烟产量及优质烟比例差异不显著;化肥配施有机肥在烤烟移栽后65 d内氮素释放较慢,但肥效较长,显著提高烤烟生长期土壤速效磷、钾供应能力,烟株养分吸收能力增强,后期烤烟叶片的全氮和全磷含量提高8.6%~61.5%和2.9%~34.3%。各处理中以化肥配施40%花生麸处理的烤烟产量、质量最佳,土壤养分指标与烤烟叶片养分指标含量最高,是烟田土壤较优的有机肥配施模式。相关分析表明,土壤速效养分与烟叶养分、烤烟大部分化学品质呈正相关,与烟碱呈负相关,表明化肥配施有机肥对土壤养分、烤烟养分吸收及烤烟品质的影响是一致的。
In order to understand the effect of different organic manure applied with chemical fertilizers on soil nutrient release and nutrient absorption of tobacco grown under different ecological conditions, the experiment was carried out in 2008 in Jingxi County, Guangxi and Nandan County tobacco growing areas for fertilizer application of peanut bran and pig manure , Sugar mill compost and straw composting and other organic fertilizer field trials. The results showed that the yield of flue-cured tobacco and top-grade tobacco increased by 4.6% -15.5% and 92.3% -106.7% in Jingxi County compared with pure fertilizer or local recommended fertilization, while Nandan increased by 0.06 % ~ 32.4% and 65.7% ~ 97.8% respectively. The contents of total potassium, total nitrogen, total sugar and reducing sugar in the upper and middle flue-cured tobacco leaves of two counties increased, nicotine decreased and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali was closer to 0.8 ~ 0.9. Closer to 10. There was no significant difference in the yield of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of high-quality tobacco between different chemical fertilizer treatments and organic fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen release was slower in chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer within 65 d after transplanting, but the fertilizer efficiency was longer, Available phosphorus and potassium supply capacity, nutrient absorption of tobacco plants increased, late-stage flue-cured tobacco leaves total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 8.6% to 61.5% and 2.9% to 34.3%. The yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco with 40% peanut bran treated with chemical fertilizers were the best, the soil nutrient indicators and the tobacco leaf nutrient content were the highest, which was the best mode of organic manure application in tobacco soil. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between soil available nutrients and most chemical components of tobacco leaves and negatively correlated with nicotine, indicating that the effect of chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure on soil nutrients, nutrient absorption of flue-cured tobacco and quality of flue-cured tobacco was consistent.