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美国联邦法院辖区虽与行政区划分离,但是因其职能有限性及历史原因造就,不能说明美国司法辖区与行政区划关系之全貌。美国各州法院辖区仍对行政区划具有很大依赖性。司法辖区的首要功能是便利诉讼,简化管辖,提高司法行政管理效率。影响司法辖区设置的主要因素包括地域面积、人口数量及分布、经济发展程度、交通通信条件、法律传统等。增强司法独立性为司法辖区所不能承受之重。均衡案件负担为司法辖区所孤力难支。我国当下希望藉由跨行政区划法院改革提升司法独立、均衡案件负担有偏离司法辖区功能本质之嫌。唯有还司法辖区制度以本来面目,方能准确衡量此项改革之成本收益,作出正确抉择。
Although the federal court area of the United States is separated from the administrative divisions, it can not explain the whole picture of the relationship between the U.S. jurisdictions and administrative divisions because of their limited functions and historical reasons. The United States District Court jurisdiction still has a great dependence on the administrative divisions. The primary function of jurisdictions is to facilitate litigation, simplify jurisdiction and improve the efficiency of administration of justice. The main factors influencing the setting of a jurisdiction include geographical area, population and distribution, economic development level, traffic and communication conditions, and legal traditions. Increasing judicial independence is unacceptable to jurisdictions. Balance the burden of cases for the jurisdiction of the orphans. At present, our country hopes to enhance judicial independence through the reform of inter-administrative divisions and courts, so that the burden of balanced cases deviates from the functional essence of the jurisdiction. Only when the system of jurisdictions is still true can we accurately measure the cost and benefit of the reform and make the right choices.