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概述了不同施肥措施对微生物活性、生物量和群落结构的影响,以及微生物因原有土壤肥力、施肥时间长短、肥料数量等不同而对不同施肥措施做出不同的响应。施肥是影响土壤碳、氮含量的最主要农业措施,而土壤中的碳和氮是微生物生命活动的基础,土壤微生物生命活动是土壤养分转化的活的驱动力。化肥对微生物数量、活性和多样性的直接影响很有限,但它可通过增加作物产量、秸秆还田量和土壤有机质的方式间接增加微生物活性。化肥尤其氮肥的另外一个间接作用就是使土壤酸化,从而对微生物有显著负影响。而有机肥可直接为土壤微生物提供碳源,或通过促作物生长和秸秆还田为微生物间接提供碳源。总之,长期不同施肥改变土壤养分的转化途径,从而影响土壤供氮能力和碳贮备能力,最终影响土壤可持续性和土壤质量。
The effects of different fertilization measures on microbial activity, biomass and community structure are summarized, and the microorganisms respond differently to different fertilization measures due to the difference of the original soil fertility, fertilization time and fertilizer quantity. Fertilization is the most important agricultural measure affecting the soil carbon and nitrogen content, and soil carbon and nitrogen are the basis of microbial life activities, soil microbial life activities are the driving force of soil nutrient conversion. Fertilizers have a limited direct impact on microbial population, activity and diversity, but they indirectly increase microbial activity by increasing crop yields, straw return, and soil organic matter. Another indirect effect of fertilizers, especially nitrogenous fertilizers, is to acidify soils and thus have a significant negative effect on microorganisms. Organic fertilizers, on the other hand, provide carbon sources directly to soil microbes, or provide carbon sources indirectly to microorganisms through crop growth and straw recovery. In conclusion, long-term different fertilization changes the transformation pathway of soil nutrients, which affects soil nitrogen availability and carbon storage capacity, which ultimately affects soil sustainability and soil quality.