近几年来,系统论正深入到管理科学的许多领域,它体现了现代管理与小生产管理的本质差别,是现代管理科学发展的重要标志之一。系统就是把世界上一切事物看成是由若干个相互区别、相互联系、又相互作用的要素所组成,处于一定的环境中,为达到整体目的而存在的有机集合体。系统论的奠基人贝塔兰菲把“整体大于各个 In recent years, system theory is deepening into many fields of management science. It embodies the essential difference between modern management and small production management, and is one of the important symbols of the development of modern management science. The system regards everything in the world as an organic assembly that consists of a number of elements that are distinct, interrelated, and interacting, and that are in a certain environment to achieve the overall purpose. The founder of system theory Betalanfi put "the whole is bigger than each