以课程标准和考试大纲为依据确定高考实验能力构成要素,以新修订的布卢姆二维目标分类为依据确定实验试题的认知测量目标,对2013年全国物理高考试卷中的两类相近主题实验试题的结构特征进行归纳比较。研究发现:数据分析能力是测评的重点;方案设计能力的考查有待于进一步改进;结构三与结构四试题需要引起更多的关注。 Based on the curriculum standards and the examination syllabus, the factors that determine the experimental ability of college entrance examination are determined. Based on the newly revised Bloom’s two-dimensional goal classification, the cognitive measurement goals of the experiment questions are determined. Two similar topics in the 2013 National Physics Entrance Examination The structural features of the experiment questions are summarized and compared. The study found that: data analysis ability is the focus of evaluation; program design ability to be further improved; structure three and structure four questions need to attract more attention.