论文部分内容阅读
蚕豆和油菜是云南铅锌矿周边农田主要的冬季作物.通过大田试验,以空闲地为对照,研究冬种蚕豆和油菜对土壤速效养分含量、微生物数量与酶活性的影响及其镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)累积特征,结果表明:(1)与冬季空闲地相比,种植蚕豆显著增加四月农田土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,分别增加1.8倍、30.08%和72.5%;种植油菜显著增加二月和四月农田土壤速效钾的含量,增幅为9.2%和106.5%.(2)种植蚕豆和油菜均显著增加二月和四月土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量,以及四月农田土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,且种植蚕豆土壤微生物数量增长大于种植油菜.(3)蚕豆主要在根部累积Cd和Pb,含量分别为11.7和107.6 mg/kg;油菜主要在根和茎叶累积Cd和Pb.(4)土壤细菌和放线菌数量、土壤脲酶活性与速效养分含量间呈显著或极显著正相关,土壤细菌数量与脲酶活性间呈极显著正相关.可见,冬季种植蚕豆和油菜显著改变铅锌矿周边Cd、Pb污染农田土壤的化学与生物学性质,并存在农作物Cd、Pb含量偏高的环境风险.
Vicia faba and rapeseed are the main winter crops in the farmland around Yunnan lead-zinc mine.The effect of Vicia faba and rapeseed on soil available nutrient content, microbial population and enzyme activity and cadmium (Cd) (Pb). The results showed that: (1) Compared with the winter, the planting of faba bean significantly increased the levels of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in farmland in April, increased 1.8 times, 30.08% and 72.5 %. The rapeseed cultivation significantly increased soil available potassium in farmland in February and April, with an increase of 9.2% and 106.5% respectively. (2) The cultivation of faba bean and rape significantly increased soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in February and April And the activities of soil urease and catalase in farmland in April, and the quantity of soil microbial population grown in broad bean was increased more than that of the planted rape. (3) The accumulation of Cd and Pb in broad bean root was 11.7 and 107.6 mg / kg, respectively. Mainly accumulating Cd and Pb in roots and stems and leaves. (4) The number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, soil urease activity and available nutrient content were significantly or very significantly positively correlated, and the number of soil bacteria and urease activity had a significant positive correlation Can be seen, winter Planting beans and cole significant changes in the surrounding lead-zinc Cd, chemical and biological properties of soil contamination Pb, and there is a crop Cd, Pb high levels of environmental risks.