【目的】定位大豆蛋白质和油分含量QTL及互作分析,为大豆品质性状QTL精细定位和分子辅助育种提供基础。【方法】以Charleston和东农594为亲本,构建了含147个株系的重组自交系,以F2:19—F2:20代重组自交系为试验材料,利用Windows QTL Cartographer V.2.5软件的复合区间作图法和多重区间作图法,对该群体的蛋白质和油分含量进行QTL定位分析,并利用QTL Network 2.1软件分析QTL间的上位性效应及环境互作效应。【结果】采用CIM和MIM 2种算法在2011和2012年哈尔滨、红兴隆、佳木斯和牡丹江每年3个地点共6个种植环境下共定位了9个蛋白质和11个油分含量QTL。蛋白质含量QTL分布在6个连锁群,分别在A1、C2、D1a、G、H和O连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为5.3%—18.6%,在H连锁群上的qPro-H-1贡献率最大,为18.6%,在D1a连锁群上的qPro-D1a-2贡献率最小,为5.3%,在单种植环境下有5个蛋白质含量QTL被2种算法同时检测到,分别是qPro-O-1、qPro-A1-1、qPro-D1a-1、qPro-D1a-2和qPro-C2-2。油分含量QTL分布在8个连锁群,分别在A1、A2、B1、C2、D1a、E、L和M连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为7.1%—24.4%,在B1连锁群上的qOil-B1-2贡献率最大,为24.4%,在C2连锁上的qOil-C2-3贡献率最小,为7.1%,在单种植环境下有2个油分含量的QTL被2种算法同时检测到,分别为qOil-C2-1和qOil-M-1。另外,有2个油分含量QTL在2个以上种植环境重复检测到,为2011年哈尔滨和2011年红兴隆2个种植环境下同时检测出的qOil-A1-1,2011红兴隆、2011牡丹江和2012哈尔滨3个地点同时被检测出的qOil-B1-2。在互作效应分析中,共检测出3对蛋白质上位效应QTL和4对油分上位效应QTL,在蛋白质上位性分析中,上位效应值在0.2068—0.3124,贡献率在0.0227%—0.0265%,分布在A1、C2、D1和E连锁群上,其中,qPro-A1-3与qPro-C2-1效应值为负,其余2对效应值为正,连锁群A1,D1a均有2个QTL发生互作。在油分上位性分析中,上位效应值在0.0926—0.1682,贡献率在0.0294%—0.0754%,分布在A1、C2、I、J、N和O连锁群上,其中,qOil-C2-4与qOil-N-1效应值为负,其余3对效应值为正,在N连锁群的qOil-N-1同时与2个QTL发生互作,分别是C2连锁群上的qOil-C2-1和qOil-C2-4。在与环境互作中,qPro-D1a-3与qPro-E-1在2012年佳木斯地点没检测出,其余6对都检测出与环境的互作效应,贡献率分别为0.0001%—0.0378%,互作效应都较小,明显小于自身的加性效应。【结论】定位到9个蛋白质相关QTL和11个油分相关QTL,并发现3对蛋白质含量上位性效应QTL和4对油分含量上位性QTL。 【Objective】 QTLs and interaction analysis of soybean protein content and oil content were carried out to provide the basis for the fine mapping and molecular assisted breeding of QTLs for soybean quality traits. 【Method】 A total of 147 inbred lines were constructed using Charleston and Dongnong 594 as parents. F2: 19-F2: 20 generations of recombinant inbred lines were used as experimental materials. The softwares of Windows QTL Cartographer V.2.5 QTL mapping of the protein and oil content in this population was conducted using composite interval mapping and multiple interval mapping. QTL Network 2.1 software was used to analyze epistasis effects and environmental interaction effects between QTLs. 【Result】 Nine QTLs for protein and 11 oil contents were mapped using 6 CIM and MIM algorithms in 6 planting environments in Harbin, Hongxinglong, Jiamusi and Mudanjiang in 2011 and 2012 respectively. The QTLs for protein content were distributed in 6 linkage groups, which accounted for 5.3% -18.6% of the phenotypic effects on the A1, C2, D1a, G, H and O linkage groups, respectively. The qPro-H -1, the contribution rate of qPro-D1a-2 was the largest, accounting for 18.6%. The contribution rate of qPro-D1a-2 in linkage group D1a was 5.3%, and the five QTLs for protein content in single cropping environment were detected simultaneously by two algorithms qPro-O-1, qPro-A1-1, qPro-D1a-1, qPro-D1a-2 and qPro-C2-2. The QTLs for oil content were distributed in eight linkage groups, which contributed 7.1% -24.4% of the phenotypic effects to the linkage groups A1, A2, B1, C2, D1a, E, L and M respectively. The qOil-B1-2 contribution rate was the largest, accounting for 24.4%. The qOil-C2-3 contribution on the C2 linkage was the lowest, at 7.1%. QTLs with two oil fractions in a single planting environment were detected simultaneously by two algorithms To, respectively qOil-C2-1 and qOil-M-1. In addition, two QTLs for oil content were repeatedly detected in two or more planting environments, and qOil-A1-1, 2011, Hongxinglong, 2011 Mudanjiang and 2012 were simultaneously detected in two planting environments of Harbin in 2011 and Hongxinglong in 2011 Harbin three locations were detected at the same time qOil-B1-2. In the interaction effect analysis, three pairs of QTLs for epistatic effects and four pairs of QTLs for oil epistasis were detected. In the epistasis analysis of protein, the epistatic effect was between 0.2068-0.3124 and the contribution rate was 0.0227% -0.0265% A1, C2, D1 and E linkage groups, of which qPro-A1-3 and qPro-C2-1 effect value is negative, the other two pairs of effect value is positive, linkage group A1, D1a two QTL interaction . In the epistatic analysis of oil, the epistatic effect value is 0.0926-0.1682, the contribution rate is 0.0294% -0.0754%, which is distributed on the linkage groups A1, C2, I, J, N and O. Among them, qOil-C2-4 and qOil N-1 effect value is negative, and the other three pairs of effect value is positive, qOil-N-1 of N linkage group interacts with two QTLs at the same time, which are qOil-C2-1 and qOil on C2 linkage group respectively -C2-4. In interaction with environment, qPro-D1a-3 and qPro-E-1 were not detected in 2012 Jiamusi sites, and the other six pairs all detected the interaction with the environment, the contribution rates were 0.0001% -0.0378% Interaction effects are smaller, significantly less than their own additive effects. 【Conclusion】 Nine QTLs related to protein and 11 oil-related QTLs were mapped and three pairs of epistatic QTLs for protein content and four pairs of epistatic QTLs for oil content were found.