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在防雨池栽条件下,研究了施氮量和花后土壤含水量对优质强筋小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在同一施氮量条件下,表现为花后土壤含水量过高(80%~90%)或过低(40%~50%)导致穗粒数减少,千粒重降低,最终使产量降低。在同一土壤含水量下,表现为增加施氮量有利于提高穗数,但过多(300kg/hm2)或过少(150kg/hm2)施氮均不利于穗粒数和千粒重的提高,而导致减产。在同一土壤含水量下,总蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白含量及谷/醇比随着施氮量的增加而增加。在同一施氮量条件下,总蛋白质及各组分均随着土壤含水量的增加而降低,同时谷/醇比也降低。在同一施氮量下,花后土壤含水量过高(80%~90%)或过低(40%~50%)均不利于淀粉及其组分含量的提高。在同一土壤含水量下,过高(300kg/hm2)或过低(150kg/hm2)施用氮肥均不利于淀粉及其组分含量的提高。只有保持适宜的花后土壤含水量和施适宜的氮肥才有利于支/直比的提高。适量增施氮肥或花后土壤含水量适宜可提高小麦的加工品质。这说明在小麦生产中可以通过施用氮肥和控制花后土壤水分含量技术,调控小麦品质和产量的形成,从而实现优质高产。
The effects of nitrogen application rate and post-anthesis soil moisture content on the yield and quality of high-gluten wheat were studied under rain-raining conditions. The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate, the soil water content after anthesis was too high (80% -90%) or too low (40% -50%), which led to the decrease of grains per spike and the decrease of 1000-grain weight, . Under the same soil moisture content, the increase of N application rate could improve the spike number. However, excessive N application (300kg / hm2) or too little N application (150kg / hm2) was not conducive to the increase of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight Cut Under the same soil water content, total protein, gliadin, glutenin content and grain-to-grain ratio increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the total protein and its components decreased with the increase of soil water content, and the ratio of grains to grains decreased. Under the same nitrogen application, post-anthesis soil moisture is too high (80% ~ 90%) or too low (40% ~ 50%) are not conducive to the increase of starch and its components. Under the same soil water content, the application of nitrogen fertilizer overly high (300kg / hm2) or too low (150kg / hm2) is not conducive to the increase of starch and its component content. Only by maintaining the appropriate flowering soil moisture and fertilization of appropriate nitrogen is conducive to the branch / straight ratio increase. Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer or after flowering soil moisture content can improve wheat processing quality. This shows that in wheat production, the quality and yield of wheat can be regulated through the application of nitrogen fertilizer and the control of post-anthesis soil moisture content to achieve high quality and high yield.