农民,作为一个“没有办法的阶级”,“从农奴制的铁链下解放出来也只有在资产阶级的保护之下实现的”。①但是,具体的某个农奴,则可以”或者逃到城市里去做手工业者;或者交钱给地主代替劳役或产品,从而成为自由的佃农,或者是把他们的封建主赶走,自己变成私有者。总之,农奴可以通过不同的办法加入有产阶级的队伍并进入竞争领域而得到解放”。②“从中世纪的农奴中产生了初期城市的城关市民;从这个市民等级中发展出最初的资产 As a “class without means”, peasants are “liberated from the chains of serfdom and realized only under the protection of the bourgeoisie.” However, a particular serf may “either fled to the city to be a handicraft worker or paid landlords to replace labor or products to become free tenants or to drive their feudal lords off and turn themselves into In short, serfs can be emancipated by joining the ranks of the proletariat in different ways and entering the realm of competition. ” ② "From the serfs of the Middle Ages, Chengguan citizens in the initial city were created; the initial assets were developed from this civic hierarchy