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近年来,磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的早期诊断和长期随访方面得到广泛应用.回顾近二十余年来应用MRI和动脉标记自旋成像(ASL-MRI)在AD中的研究,发现AD谱系人群诸多颅内结构发生灰质体积减少,其中以颞叶内侧萎缩和后部皮质萎缩最具有诊断意义.同时随着AD病程进展,多个脑区的脑血流量出现改变.未来需要更多的研究进一步整合灰质体积及脑血流量的改变,探索AD认知功能下降的潜在病理生理机制.“,”In recent years,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in the early diagnosis as well as long-term follow-up study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).The studies were reviewed which applied the structural MRI and arterial spin labeling MRI (ASL-MRI) in AD over the past 20 years,and found more gray matter volume loss in multiple brain structures in individuals with AD spectrum.Among them,medial temporal lobe atrophy and posterior cortical atrophy are the most diagnostic.Meanwhile,cerebral blood flow changes in various brain regions with the progression of the AD.More investigations combining the changes of gray matter volume and cerebral blood flow to explore pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in AD spectrum are necessary in the future.