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目的了解青海省地下水饮用水源水质卫生状况,确保居民饮水安全。方法于2013年对青海省361个地下水饮用水源水质卫生进行检测及评价。结果铜、锌、挥发酚类、阴离子合成洗涤剂、镉、铬、铅、硒、氰化物指标均在Ⅰ~Ⅲ类;p H值、铁、耗氧量指标在Ⅰ-Ⅳ类。泉水、浅井和深井饮用水源的臭和味、硫酸盐、总硬度、氯化物、溶解性总固体、亚硝酸盐指标Ⅰ-Ⅳ类所占百分比差异均有统计学意义(χ2臭和味=15.855、χ2硫酸盐=7.559、χ2总硬度=10.709、χ2氯化物=13.006、χ2溶解性总固体=8.140、χ2亚硝酸盐=8.447,P<0.05)。泉水、浅井和深井饮用水源的感官性状和一般化学指标Ⅰ~Ⅳ类所占百分比大于浅井、深井,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.693,P<0.05)。结论青海省地下水饮用水源水质卫生状况较好。
Objective To understand the hygienic status of groundwater drinking water sources in Qinghai Province and to ensure residents’ drinking water safety. Methods In 2013, 361 groundwater drinking water sources in Qinghai Province were tested and evaluated for their water quality. Results The indicators of copper, zinc, volatile phenols, anionic synthetic detergents, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium and cyanide were all in Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ category; p H value, iron and oxygen consumption index were in Ⅰ-Ⅳ category. The differences of smell and taste of spring water, shallow well and deep well drinking water sources were statistically significant (χ2 smelly taste = χ2) and the total percentage of sulphate, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids and nitrite indicators Ⅰ-Ⅳ, Χ2 sulfate = 7.559, χ2 total hardness = 10.709, χ2 chloride = 13.006, total χ2 solubility = 8.140, χ2 nitrite = 8.447, P <0.05). The percentage of sensory traits and general chemical indicators Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ of spring, shallow well and deep well drinking water source were higher than that of shallow well and deep well (χ2 = 10.693, P <0.05). Conclusion The quality of groundwater drinking water in Qinghai Province is good.