目前,日益增多的慢性病者、残疾者以及勉强得到改善的成年患者从社会公益机构(如疗养院及慢性和急性病医院)获得的照顾与其付出的昂贵费用很不相称。普遍认为这种照顾不太理想,因而人们正努力开发各种可供替用的以社区为基础的照顾体制。在1976—77年间,宾夕法尼亚州在6个县试验性地实施一种以使用社区特别照顾方案为基础的照顾体制。作者对190名参加者和数目相同的非参加者进行了平均10个月的调查。每一类供研究的对象被分为两种类型,即试 At present, the increasing number of chronically ill, handicapped, and adult patients who are barely improved are not commensurate with the high cost of the care they receive from public welfare institutions (such as nursing homes and chronic and acute care hospitals). It is generally believed that such care is not ideal and people are trying to develop alternative community-based care systems. In the 1976-77 period, Pennsylvania implemented a care system based on community-specific care programmes in six counties. The author conducted an average 10-month survey of 190 participants and the same number of non-participants. Each type of research object is divided into two types, namely