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一、害虫综合防治概念的提出 自二次世界大战以后,有机合成化学农药问世,药剂防治成了害虫防治的主要手段。由于长期使用化学农药,出现了种种弊端,因而引起人们的高度关注。早在1949年加拿大昆虫学家A.D.Pickett就指出:“现在,我们虽能控制或防治任何一种害虫或害螨,但虫害问题并没有解决,反而比过去更为尖锐。”1962年Carson《寂静的春天》的出版,使人们对使用化学农药防治害虫的效果产生了怀疑,开始认识到农药并非是万能的,害虫防治是一个较为复杂的生态学问题。于是,1967年联合国粮农组织在罗马召开的有害生物综合防治专家讨论会上,提出了有害生物综合防治的概念,并给综合防治下了定义:“综合治理是对有害生物的一种管理系统,它按照有害生物的种群动态与其相关的环境关系,采用适当的合理的技术措施,以控制害虫种群数量处于经济损失允许水平以下。”
First, the proposed concept of integrated pest control Since the Second World War, the advent of organic synthetic chemical pesticides, pesticide control has become the main means of pest control. Due to long-term use of chemical pesticides, there have been many drawbacks, which aroused people’s attention. As early as 1949, ADPickett, an entomologist in Canada, pointed out: “Now that we can control or control any kind of pest or pest, the problem of pest is not solved but more acute than in the past.” 1962 Carson Silence Spring “, people have doubts about the effect of using chemical pesticides to control pests. They began to realize that pesticides are not a panacea. Pest control is a complicated ecological issue. As a result, the 1967 FAO Conference of Experts on Integrated Prevention of Pests in Rome presented the concept of integrated pest management and defined a concept of integrated control: ”Integrated management is a system of management of pests, It adopts appropriate and reasonable technical measures according to the pest’s population dynamics and its related environmental relations so as to control the pest population below the economic loss allowable level. "