熵的概念在经典热力学中占有重要的地位,它不但决定了过程的方向,而且决定了平衡的性质。对于熵的物理意义的理解,经历了三个阶段。在克劳修斯从宏观上提出“熵”的概念的时候,它被理解为一个标志过程不可逆程度的热力学函数。玻茨曼的统计解释,使人们进一步认识了熵的微观意义。第二次世界大战以后,申 The concept of entropy occupies an important position in classical thermodynamics. It not only determines the direction of the process, but also determines the nature of the balance. The understanding of the physical meaning of entropy has gone through three phases. When Clausius proposed the concept of “entropy” macroscopically, it was understood as a thermodynamic function that irreversibly marked the process. Boltzmann’s statistical explanations made people further understand the microcosmic meaning of entropy. After the Second World War, Shen