两个世纪以来,经济学家一直在发展各种不同的理论,以理解形成贸易格局的原因,一直在把自然的和政策的因素结合在一起,以图说明和预测国与国进行贸易的性质。但是,在经济文献中,很少把贸易方向明确地作为一个独立的问题加以处理;根本的看法是,贸易将反映比较利益的格局。这种认识总是应用于一个国家与世界其它国家的贸易,而直到不久以前, For two centuries, economists have been developing different theories to understand the reasons for the formation of a trade pattern. They have been combining natural and policy factors to illustrate and predict the nature of trade between countries. . However, in the economic literature, the direction of trade is seldom dealt with explicitly as a separate issue; the fundamental view is that trade will reflect the pattern of comparative advantage. This understanding is always applied to the trade between one country and the rest of the world. Until recently,