从历史上看,人们对照相机的研究,要早于对感光材料的研究。现代照相机的始祖是“克麦拉·奥斯库拉”(Camera Obscura),意即“黑暗的房间”(简称为“克麦拉”)。它在工业时代很久以前就出现了。“克麦拉”的原理是这样的:一黑暗的房间,在其中一面墙上开一个小孔,由于光线的直线传播,光线通过这个小孔,便会把房间外的景物映到屋子里对面的墙上,这也就是我们通常所说的“小孔成像”。 Historically, people’s research on cameras has to be earlier than research on light-sensitive materials. The originator of a modern camera is “Camera Obscura”, meaning “Dark Room” (“Kemera” for short). It appeared long ago in the industrial age. The principle of “Ke Meila” is this: a dark room with a small hole in one of the walls, through which the light passes through the hole, the scene outside the room is reflected in the room The opposite wall, which is what we usually call “hole imaging ”.