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1905年爱因斯坦提出光子说,随后还指出光子具有动量.从1920年起,美国物理学家康普顿开始研究X射线的散射,他研究了X射线通过金属、石墨等物质的散射,通过观测发现:在散射线中,除有与入射线波长相同的射线外,还有波长比入射线波长更长的射线,这种波长变长的散射效应叫做康普顿效应.而按照经典理论,散射过程不会改变入射线的波长.康普顿最初试图根据经典电磁理论对康普顿效应做出解释,在探索中走了不少弯路.1923年他终于将爱因斯坦的光子说运用
Einstein proposed the photon theory in 1905, then pointed out that the photon has the momentum. Since 1920, the American physicist Compton began to study the scattering of X-rays. He studied the scattering of X-rays through metals, graphite and other substances, The observation shows that in the scattered line, except for the same radiation as the incident line, there is a longer wavelength than the incident line, and this longer wavelength scattering effect is called the Compton effect. According to the classical theory, Scattering does not change the wavelength of the incident ray. Compton initially tried to interpret the Compton effect based on the classical electromagnetic theory and went a long way in exploration. In 1923 he finally put Einstein’s photon