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目的掌握西安市区鼠类种群结构的动态变化和季节消长规律。方法依据《全国病媒生物监测方案(试行)》,鼠类监测采用夹夜法,晚放晨收,每2个月监测1次。结果 2012-2013年共捕获鼠类4种152只,经鉴定后分别为小家鼠、褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠。鼠类总平均密度为0.33%,其中褐家鼠占51.32%,为优势鼠种;小家鼠和黑线姬鼠分别占39.47%和7.42%,为常见鼠种。密度在8月份呈现高峰。结论西安市鼠种以褐家鼠和小家鼠为主,每年的8月份监测结果较高,应根据鼠类的活动及消长规律适当在春秋两季加强灭鼠工作可有效降低鼠密度,减少鼠传疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of population structure and the pattern of seasonal fluctuation in Xi’an urban area. Methods According to “National vector bio-monitoring program (Trial)”, the rodents were monitored by the method of nocturnal nights, late-morning nocturnal monitoring and once every 2 months. Results A total of 152 rodents were collected from 2012 to 2013 and identified as Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Rattus flavipectus respectively. The total average density of rodents was 0.33%, of which Rattus norvegicus accounted for 51.32%, which was the dominant species. Mus musculus and Apodemus agrarius accounted for 39.47% and 7.42% respectively, which were common species. The density peaked in August. Conclusion The rodents in the city of Xi’an are dominated by Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, and the monitoring results are higher in August each year. The rodent control should be reduced according to the activity and growth of the rodents in the spring and autumn to reduce the rat density and decrease Rat-borne disease.