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地下资源的合理利用和保护、经济机制对提高地下资源开发效益的作用均以法律为基础。苏联在依法保护大自然方面具有丰富的历史经验。苏联宪法(第十八条)规定了对大自然及其财富的社会主义态度:“为了苏联当今一代和后几代的利益,要采取必要的措施,保护并有科学依据地、合理地利用土地及其地下资源、水资源、动物界和植物界,保持空气和水的洁净,保证自然资源的再生产和改善人类的生活环境”。
The rational use and protection of underground resources and the role of economic mechanism in improving the efficiency of exploitation of underground resources are based on law. The Soviet Union has rich historical experience in protecting nature according to law. The Soviet Constitution (Article 18) provides for a socialist attitude towards nature and its wealth: “For the benefit of the present and future generations of the Soviet Union, the necessary measures must be taken to protect and scientifically utilize Land and its underground resources, water resources, animal kingdom and plant kingdom to keep the air and water clean, to ensure the reproduction of natural resources and to improve the living environment of human beings. ”