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稀溶液凝固点降低公式可用多种方法导出,其中以水和稀溶液在同一P—T图中相比较为多数物理化学教材所采用。这种方法原则上是正确的,且简明直观,但易引起基本概念的混淆。本文根据我们教学中的粗浅体会,并参考国内外有关资料,提出一些问题来讨论。 (一)稀溶液凝固点降低的图示物理化学教材中,常将蒸汽压下降、沸点升高、凝固点降低及渗透压等稀溶液的依数性放在一起讨论,并将纯水的相图和非电解质稀溶液的相图置于如图1所示的同一P—T图中进
The dilute solution freezing point reduction formula can be derived by a variety of methods, among which water and dilute solutions are used in most physical chemistry textbooks in the same P-T diagram. This method is correct in principle, concise and intuitive, but it can easily lead to confusion of basic concepts. This article based on the superficial experience in our teaching, and refer to relevant domestic and foreign data, put forward some questions to discuss. (I) Illustration of the decrease in the freezing point of dilute solution In the physical chemistry textbook, the dilution of dilute solutions such as vapor pressure drop, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure is often discussed together with the phase diagram of pure water. The phase diagram of the non-electrolyte dilute solution is placed in the same P-T diagram as shown in Figure 1.