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目的探讨室内大气PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM1污染对儿童哮喘的影响。方法采用1∶1成组病例-对照研究,于2015年10月—2016年5月对石河子市80名哮喘儿童和80名健康对照儿童进行问卷调查与室内颗粒物浓度检测,分析儿童哮喘的危险因素。结果两组合计160名儿童的室内PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM1浓度范围分别为26.57~507.30、12.66~159.00、4.53~77.08μg/m~3,其中PM_(10)超标率为61.9%,PM_(2.5)超标率为6.9%。病例组室内空气中的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM1浓度中位数均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童有过敏史(OR=5.171)、有环境烟草烟雾(ETS)暴露(OR=2.429)、PM_(2.5)浓度高于中位数(OR=3.459)是儿童哮喘的危险因素,母乳喂养(OR=0.454)是儿童哮喘的保护因素,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童有过敏史、ETS暴露和PM_(2.5)暴露可能增加儿童哮喘风险,同时应提倡母乳喂养,以保护儿童呼吸系统健康。
Objective To investigate the effects of indoor PM_ (10), PM_ (2.5) and PM1 pollution on childhood asthma. Methods A 1:1 group case-control study was conducted. From October 2015 to May 2016, 80 asthmatic children and 80 healthy children in Shihezi were surveyed by questionnaire and indoor particulate matter concentration. The risk factors of childhood asthma . Results The concentrations of PM 10, PM 2.5 and PM 1 in the two groups were 26.57-507.30,12.66-159.00 and 4.53-77.08 μg / m 3, respectively, of which the supernormal rate of PM 10 was 61.9 %, PM_ (2.5) exceeded the standard rate of 6.9%. The PM_ (10), PM_ (2.5) and PM_ (1) concentrations in indoor air were higher in the case group than in the control group, with significant difference (P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children had allergies (OR = 5.171), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (OR = 2.429) and PM 2.5 (OR = 3.459) (OR = 0.454) were the protective factors of childhood asthma, both of which were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Children with allergy history, ETS exposure and PM 2.5 exposure may increase their risk of asthma. Breastfeeding should also be promoted to protect children’s respiratory system.