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通常存在于应用软件、操作系统中的信息安全问题正在向硬件蔓延。硬件木马是集成电路芯片从研发设计、生产制造到封装测试的整个生命周期内被植入的恶意电路,一经诱发,将带来各种非预期的行为,造成重大危害。当前,SoC芯片大量复用IP核,意味着将有更多环节招致攻击;日益增长的芯片规模又使得硬件木马的检测变得更难、成本更高。因此,硬件木马的相关技术研究成为硬件安全领域的热点。介绍了硬件木马的概念、结构、植入途径和分类,对硬件木马的设计、检测和防御技术进行了分析、总结和发展趋势预测,着重分析了检测技术。
Information security issues that commonly exist in applications and operating systems are spreading to the hardware. Hardware Trojans are malicious circuits that are implanted throughout the entire life cycle of an integrated circuit chip from R & D, manufacturing, and packaging testing. Once induced, unwanted behaviors can occur and cause serious harm. At present, SoC chips reusing IP cores in a large number means that more links will be attacked. The ever-increasing chip scale will make the detection of hardware Trojans harder and more costly. Therefore, the related research of hardware Trojan becomes a hot spot in the field of hardware security. This paper introduces the concept, structure, implantation and classification of hardware Trojans, analyzes the hardware Trojans’ design, detection and defense technologies, summarizes and forecasts the development trends, and focuses on the detection techniques.