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随着全球经济的一体化进展,植物产品的国际贸易及人员交流越来越广泛,有害生物的跨国传播风险日益增大。同时,随着植物产品绿色通道的全线开通,如何缓解国际贸易快速通关与国境疫情防控之间的矛盾,满足对外检验检疫中“检得出、检得准、检得快”的要求,已成为检验检疫部门一个迫切需要解决的课题。传统的检验检疫方法存在难以实现无损、快速、在线检测的缺点,因此研究快速、高效、无损的植物检疫技术,实现植物检疫的自动实时检测,对推动经济的健康、持续发展,提高产品交易价格,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文从植物及其产品的虫害、病害方面综述了植物检验检疫中的声测法、X射线、机器视觉、近红外光谱分析以及高光谱图像等无损检测技术的原理和应用研究,并对其中的优缺点加以分析。在此基础上,对无损技术的检测应用前景进行了展望,指出未来植物检疫的重要手段和发展方向。
With the progress of the integration of the global economy, the international trade of plant products and personnel exchanges are more and more widespread, and the risks of transnational spread of pests are increasing day by day. At the same time, with the opening of the green channel of plant products, how to alleviate the contradiction between the rapid clearance of international trade and the prevention and control of epidemic situation on the border so as to meet the requirements of “inspection, inspection and inspection” issued by foreign inspection and quarantine authorities , Has become an urgent need to solve the inspection and quarantine issues. Traditional inspection and quarantine methods have the shortcomings that it is difficult to achieve non-destructive, rapid and on-line detection. Therefore, the study of rapid, efficient and non-destructive phytosanitary techniques to achieve automatic real-time phytosanitary testing, to promote economic health and sustainable development, improve product transaction prices , Has very important practical significance. In this paper, the principles and applications of non-destructive testing techniques such as acoustics, X-ray, machine vision, near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral images in plant inspection and quarantine are reviewed in the aspects of pests and diseases of plants and their products. Advantages and disadvantages to be analyzed. On this basis, the prospects of the application of NDT technology are prospected, and the important means and direction of future phytosanitary measures are pointed out.