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一、经济体制改革与股份制企业的提出近几年来,随着改革开放政策的进一步深入贯彻,国民经济有了很大的发展,但是确实也存在不少问题,其中最突出的便是经济效益逐年下降,特别是占国民经济主导地位的国营经济。许多国营企业产品成本年年上升,资金周转不灵,税利上缴一年比一年减少,这种情况至今未见好转。有些同志认为,这是国营企业缺少活力所致,于是提出用股份制来改造国营企业的全民所有制,以摆脱这个局面。我认为,这是开错了药方。我们知道社会主义社会的基本条件:一是生产资料的公有制;二是按劳分配制。只有有了生产资料公有制,才能消灭人剥削人的不合理制度。只有有了按劳分配制,才能在取消私有制后仍能调动人的积极性。当前国营企业经济效益之所以低下,根本原因在于劳动生产率不高,在于人们没有努力工作。为什么国营企业的效益不如乡镇企业,乡镇企业的效益不如中外合资企业,根本原因也在于国营企业的分配是平均主义的,
First, the reform of the economic system and the introduction of joint-stock enterprises In recent years, with the further implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the national economy has made great progress, but there are indeed many problems, the most prominent of which is the economic benefits year by year. Decline, especially the state-owned economy that dominates the national economy. The product cost of many state-owned enterprises has risen year after year, the cash flow has been weak, and tax profits have been reduced year by year. This situation has not seen any improvement. Some comrades believe that this is due to the lack of vitality of the state-owned enterprises. Therefore, we propose to use joint-stock system to transform the state ownership of state-owned enterprises to get rid of this situation. I think this is the wrong prescription. We know the basic conditions of a socialist society: First, the public ownership of the means of production; second, the distribution according to work. Only with the public ownership of means of production can an unreasonable system of human exploitation be eliminated. Only if there is a distribution system according to work can one mobilize people’s enthusiasm after the removal of private ownership. The current reason for the low economic efficiency of state-owned enterprises is that the basic reason is that labor productivity is not high, because people do not work hard. Why the benefits of state-owned enterprises are not as good as those of township enterprises, and the benefits of township enterprises are not as good as those of Chinese-foreign joint ventures. The fundamental reason is that the distribution of state-owned enterprises is egalitarian.